Wildlife in Vancouver and the diseases they carry

Raccoons 

 Raccoons are highly adaptable creatures found throughout Vancouver, often seen rummaging through trash bins in urban areas. These animals can harbor several diseases, notably:

1. Rabies: Although rare in British Columbia, rabies is a significant concern. Infected raccoons can transmit the virus through bites or scratches, leading to severe neurological damage in humans if untreated.
2. Leptospirosis: This bacterial infection can spread through contact with raccoon urine, especially in water sources. Symptoms in humans can include fever, headaches, and muscle aches.
3. Baylisascaris procyonis: Raccoon roundworm is another notable disease carried by raccoons. The eggs can contaminate soil and may infect humans, leading to severe health conditions, including neurological issues.

Squirrels  

Eastern grey, Red, Douglas and flying squirrels are found in Vancouver, with the invasive eastern grey squirrel being the most common in urban environments. While they are less commonly associated with serious diseases, they can still pose certain risks:  

1. Tularemia: This bacterial infection can be transmitted through handling infected animals or their droppings. Symptoms may mimic the flu, including fever and swollen lymph nodes.  

2. Salmonella: Squirrels can carry salmonella bacteria, which can contaminate food or surfaces, leading to gastrointestinal illness in humans.  

 Rats: 

 The presence of rats, particularly the Norway and Roof rat, is quite prominent in Vancouver, thriving in urban settings. They are known carriers of several diseases:  

1. Hantavirus: Transmitted via airborne particles from rat urine and droppings, hantavirus can cause severe respiratory issues in humans.  
2. Leptospirosis: Like raccoons, rats can also carry leptospirosis, which spreads through contaminated water and can result in serious health complications.  
3. Salmonella and Rat-Bite Fever: Both of these can occur through direct contact with rats or contaminated surfaces.  

Bats: 

 Bats are an essential part of Vancouver’s ecosystem, helping with insect control. However, they are also associated with several diseases:  

1. Rabies: Though the incidence is low, bats can carry rabies. Human exposure, usually through bites, necessitates medical intervention to prevent infection.  
2. Histoplasmosis: This fungal infection can develop from inhaling spores found in bat droppings (guano), leading to respiratory issues.  
3. Brucellosis: Although less common in Vancouver, this bacterial infection can be transmitted through contact with bat secretions, posing health risks to humans. 

 Risk Mitigation Strategies  

To minimize the risks associated with these wildlife species, it’s vital to adopt preventative measures: –  

1. Avoid Feeding Wildlife: This can encourage them to congregate and increase human-wildlife interactions.
2. Secure Trash and Food Sources: Properly sealing trash bins and storing food can deter raccoons and rats.  
3. Education and Awareness: Understanding the behaviours and risks associated with local wildlife can help in managing potential encounters.
4. Seek Professional Help: If you encounter wildlife that appears sick or poses a risk, it’s best to contact local animal control or wildlife agencies.  

Conclusion  

While the wildlife of Vancouver contributes significantly to the city’s ecological balance, it is essential to remain aware of the potential health risks they pose. By respecting these animals and taking proactive measures, residents can enjoy the beauty of nature while safeguarding their health.